Discuss the work of Michael Haneke in relation to realism Essay

Talk about crafted by Michael Haneke corresponding to authenticity - Essay Example Haneke is an all around read European scholarly. He has his underlying foundations in the theater and is likewise capable in old style music. His melodic ability appears in his movies as well. He was conceived in 1942 and his profession resembles an irregularity. He worked in German and Austrian TV for a long time. At that point he made his first component film The Seventh Continent. From that point forward he has made nine particular dramatic movies. Michael Haneke utilizes the method of arranged authenticity as opposed to delineating reality in an endeavor for creating organized heavenly bodies. This mystical procedure additionally incorporates the watcher. His movies have a model structure. The motivation behind the structure it is to address the watcher as a white Western subject, an individual who is blameworthy in Hanekes assessment (Niessen, 2009). His method of tending to the watchers isn't on an individual premise, he discusses the entire Western culture. The film and strategy goes up against; Michael Haneke’s recording strategy for the most part incorporate characters with unique white common names and highlights. The heroes are normally depicted as ethically degenerate and self-distanced. Subside Brunette clarifies this strategy in his book Michael Haneke (2010). The estrangement from self as well as other people which the cutting edge society is routinely creating and the loss of mankind in an aggregate premise, the granulating lessening of human feeling, and the loss of human correspondence with the mechanical progression, all have mutilated the connection among the real world and its portrayal. The support of this cliché picture is to make the watchers awkward in light of the fact that they would see themselves as being depicted in the film. This is accomplished by leaving the network open by the film’s reflections (Niessen, 2009). The little issues that people face in his films are typically portrayals of bigger issues of the Western culture. Subsequently, the characters become the image of Western social issues. Hanekes motion pictures pull in more extensive crowds. Haneke

Work out vs. Workout

Work out versus Exercise Work out versus Exercise Work out versus Exercise By Maeve Maddox A peruser who frequents wellbeing and wellness destinations is upset by an absence of expert altering: Ive saw that no one, truly no one makes a qualification between the thing exercise and the action word work out. On each site, I discover explanations like You need to exercise three times each week. So I was thinking about whether you could address that issue in one of your up and coming posts. The peruser isn't overstating by a lot. Here are a few models from wellbeing and wellness locales and discussions that I visited: How regularly would it be advisable for you to exercise every week? Ought to be: How regularly would it be a good idea for you to work out every week? Where do you exercise? Ought to be: Where accomplish you work out? To begin with, warm up with some joint revolutions, so as to grease up your joints and set them up forâ the work out.â Ought to be: First, warm up with some joint revolutions, so as to grease up your joints and set them up forâ the workout.â I’m a night individual and like to exercise around evening time. Ought to be: I’m a night individual and like to work out around evening time. A couple of individuals have asked me whatâ my work outâ routine is. Ought to be: A couple of individuals have asked me whatâ my workoutâ routine is. NOTE: One-word exercise is likewise utilized as a descriptor as in â€Å"my exercise routine.† One approach to maintain a strategic distance from the mistake is to search for words that go before the terms. The thing exercise is frequently gone before by an article or a descriptive word: â€Å"the workout,† â€Å"my workout.† The action word is regularly utilized in its infinitive structure, so the previous to gives a helpful hint. Here are a few instances of other thing/descriptive word/action word mixes that are befuddled along these lines: 1. turnout (thing)/turn out (action word) Enormous turn outâ for dispatch of new play zone Ought to be: Big turnoutâ for dispatch of new play zone We had numerous guardians turnout for the subsequent secondary school instructive gathering Ought to be: We had numerous guardians show up for the subsequent secondary school instructive gathering. 2. waste of time (thing)/wash out (action word) It is during this time mostâ recruits waste of time. Ought to be: It is during this time mostâ recruits wash out. Specialists worried over waste of time rate. Ought to be: Authorities worried over waste of time rate. Three all the more such combos are: rollout/turn out, checkout/look at, and pattern/cut out. I’m sure you can consider more. Here’s a mental aide written in pig purposeful publicity style (Animal Farm) that may help: Single word, Noun, Two words, Verb. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Misused Words class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:When to Capitalize Animal and Plant Names50 Types of Propaganda45 Idioms with Roll

Examine the economic issues surrounding the introduction of plain Essay

Analyze the monetary issues encompassing the presentation of plain bundling of cigarettes. Should this approach be presented - Essay Example Plain Packaging of Cigarettes The plain bundling of this tobacco item is on the other hand known as homogenous or conventional bundling. The normalized bundling arrangement of this structure includes evacuation of all the radiance out of the introduction of the item. The marking for the cigarettes which is communicated for the most part through the hues, the logos and the trademarks should be expelled from the pack of cigarettes that at last arrive at the client. The bundling ought to be finished with a plain earthy colored spread with the name of the brand imprinted in a uniform style in a foreordained size. Consequently there is almost no adaptability on part of the organizations in introducing the items to the end clients. Alongside that the packs likewise contain ordered data about the evil impacts of the item and the legitimate divulgences like the expense stamps. This idea of plain bundling had been proposed in nations like New Zealand, Canada and Australia since the finish of 1980s (Voon, Mitchell, and Liberman, 2012, p. 12). These endeavors were taken with the primary intention of lessening the measure of utilization of tobacco in the nations. There have been different inquires about done during these years to decide the result of the presentation of plain bundling of tobacco items. ... Financial matters of Plain Packing of Cigarettes For any ordinary great, the adjustment in the cost of the item will affect the amount of the item devoured. At the point when the costs increment individuals would expend less of that item. This is anyway false in the event of items which are addictive in nature. Indeed, even through the costs increment the amount of the items expended would not diminish. In this manner the value versatility of interest for the items would be zero. The financial matters of the plain bundling has been clarified with the assistance of the accompanying diagrams. The interest for cigarettes would be an inelastic interest bend (Tucker, 2010, p. 140). This is on the grounds that despite the fact that the costs of the cigarettes change the interest would stay pretty much consistent this is on the grounds that individuals by and large get dependent on tobacco and they can't control the sum that they devour even on the expansion of the value (Baumol and Blinder , 2009, p. 108). That implies the smokers are coldhearted toward value changes. In the left board of the diagram the interest and gracefully bends have been drawn. (Perloff, 2011, p. 33) Now on the presentation of the plain bundling of the cigarettes the item will lose its intrigue to the forthcoming smokers. Accordingly the smokers would be requesting less measure of cigarette. In this manner there would be a move in the interest bend for cigarettes. As it were the quantity of smokers would lessen. Be that as it may, the interest bend would stay inelastic in light of the fact that this decrease popular would not be as consequence of the adjustment in the costs yet the decrease in the degree of want of the customers to smoke. The interest for this item would stay confined to those individuals who are dependent on smoking. Hence regardless of whether the gracefully bend

Market analysis of reebok

Market examination of reebok Reebok the United Kingdom based predecessor organization was established in 1890 by J.W Foster, for probably the most ideal explanation competitors needed to run quicker (www.reebok.com). From that point forward Reebok has developed itself through different stages to get one of the main three market pioneers in the games shoes, wellness and clothes. The brands achievement is based upon its imaginative structuring and advertising system. The correct harmony between the planning and advertising has taken Reebok to such tallness. McDonald, M (2000 p.5) characterizes advertising as procedure for getting markets, for evaluating the present and future worth required by the various gatherings of client inside these business sectors. Beginning from its direct made shoes to the ongoing inventive Easytone and ReeZig footwear Reebok demonstrated its singularity, genuineness and its imaginative reasoning and potential. The organization was taken over by Adidas in 2006 which gave both Adidas and Reebok a solid piece of the overall industry to take on the regular opponent and the market chief Nike. In spite of the fact that the organization is dominated, Reebok and Adidas are as yet two distinct brands under the gathering. Reebok has a solid hold in US market and backers for various games like NFL, NBA, WNBA and NBDL. Marked as a limited shoe producer before, Reebok has gradually changed its face to high design, high solace and premium item by bringing its cost up in the market and joining new innovations for the games and wellness class. The most recent dispatch in their product offering Easytone and the up and coming ReeZig has got increasingly specialized and configuration esteems, the innovation which is really structured by a NASA engineer(www.corporate.reebok.com) and the re-dispatch of its exemplary models uncovers the companys change in center. Reebok in the mid 2000 began its showcasing effort with combination of Sports Music and Technology including ventures best e ntertainers of the period, from music industry Jay-Z, Daddy Yankee, 50 Cent; top competitors Allen Iverson, Donovan McNabb, Curt Schilling, Kelly Holmes, Iker Casillas and Yao Ming; screen stars Lucy Liu, John Leguizamo and Christina Ricci; and skateboarder Stevie Williams., and Thierry Henry, Alexander Ovechkin, driving pro Lewis Hamilton, MS Dohni and Nicole Vaidisova. Easytone the companys dispatch of the year 2009 is its one of the best product offering. Easytone include with first of its sort the parity unit innovation, intended for womens wellness and game. Reeboks duty towards ladies wellness and game is durable from its first since forever selective footwear for ladies Step presented in 1989 which fore fronts the oxygen consuming developments, and now the Easytone cutting edges conditioning of lower mid-region parts like the lower leg muscle, thigh muscle and the bum. Reeboks promoting approach for Easytone is take the rec center with you (www.reebok.com) which accentuation on ladies who were occupied with their normal life yet at the same time needed to keep up their figure. Hand crafted shoes are likewise accessible by requesting and structuring over the web, which gives clients the alternative of assortment and uniqueness. Advertising Environment Large scale Environment Kotler, P., Armstrong, G. (2010) portrays full scale condition as a power which is increasingly cultural and influences the miniaturized scale condition straightforwardly. The worldwide footwear industry is $196.25billion in 2009 with CAGR of 3.7% from 2005 to 2009(www.marketlineinfo.com). Reeboks global tasks and its essence more than 55 nations with various social and affordable foundation is a worry for its exhibition, with the current market situation where the European and American market is confronting budgetary emergency, Reebok has got its significant clients base in these areas it faces significant misfortune in deals, while the Asian market gives positive indication, Reeboks deals in India and china is underdog to Nike, however the rate commitment towards the income in universal money is low. Reebok faces legitimate dangers from its assembling units in South East Asia where they work with modest works in untrustworthy work conditions. When all is said in done the donning extras are progressively popular among the 16 to 24 age gatherings. The expansion in number of jobless and new alumni securing hard to track down positions among this specific class has caused a significant worry for the business, notwithstanding nations like UK where the legislature has expanded the education costs will be a significant political and prudent factor which influences the entire footwear industry. The expansion in crude material cost exacerbating things, which prompted low stock upkeep and unpredictable flexibly to the channel. The footwear business is constantly oppressed quick changes in client needs and the progressions are progressively situated toward the socio-social powers, Reebok adjusted to those varieties in socio social powers by joining the item with Music and game in US market, wellness and game in the European market and game and diversion in Asian market. Figure 1: Macro Environment Reeboks Easytone is structured with the innovation which is never been utilized and sets a milestone in the games shoe showcase. Easytone is intended to comfort with Moving Air Technology, while a large portion of different contenders do have comparative advances Reebok should investigate progressively imaginative and refined innovation which will be the extraordinary selling point in the serious market. Smaller scale Environment Each brand has its own remarkable selling point which focuses on the specific class of clients, all in all the footwear business clients can be sorted into Performance cognizant shoppers like sprinters, heart stimulating exercise, players, competitors, and exercisers and Fashion cognizant clients who purchase for style and solace. Clients purchase items that has worth and fulfillment among the range accessible in the market, Kotler, P et al.(2009). Figure : Micro Environment Reebok Easytone is planned and promoted to the wellness adoring womens section. With the procedure of propelling another item consistently with more current innovation and development, Reebok has consistently focused on the center gathering, thus as Easytone focuses on the wellness cherishing ladies. Reebok has consistently situated itself as client driven, which provides food the necessities and prerequisite of the center gathering, however it has the assorted variety in item when contrasted with its rivals. In view of the decent variety in its items Reebok has consistently been in ability to various rivals in various class and item extend. The principle contenders are Nike, Adidas and Puma. Reebok sells through different channels, which incorporates the retail outlets, Reebok idea showrooms, franchisee outlets and related supported brandishing association. Advertising Mix The essential goal of an association is to offer an item which has a serious edge or differential preferred position over its rivals, Brassington, F., Pettitt, S. (2006). This can be accomplished by showcasing blend which is concentrated with the essential research on 4Ps. Item Item the board has consistently been the center factor in the advertising blend, which includes the fundamental comprehension and the prerequisite for propelling the new item in the market and afterward creating it with the correct promoting technique which benefits the association and afterward producing in the correct manner which benefits both the association and the general public. The association should move its information into item which will be a drive for development, John A. Quelch (2006). Figure 3: BCG Matrix,( source:www.reebokeasytone.net) Reebok has the technique of propelling one center item consistently, and the dispatch of Easytone is for the year 2009, it was the crucial time to dispatch any new item on account of the economy, thus Reebok needs to come out with a solid item and showcasing procedure. The substantial credits must be so solid and the message was unmistakably conveyed with Easytone with its high style, plan and innovation. The footwear is inventive and new to the market, structured such that it gives us the sentiment of strolling in the delicate sandy sea shore and the science behind is the point at which we stroll on the sandy sea shore its difficult to keep the equalization thus we make a solid effort to keep the parity which thusly consumes the calories of calves, hamstring and the gluteus maximus muscles. Reebok has additionally guaranteed that Easytone is accessible over the globe and its perceivability is more in the retail outlets, which made mindfulness and furthermore a clamor in the market a bout the new item with new innovation and execution. Despite the fact that Reebok asserts hypothetically it can demonstrate that, by utilizing Easytone will condition the legs 26% more when contrasted with other game or wellness shoes, there are still contentions about the real execution of the item. Reebok broke the contentions with the complete deals of Easytone around the world, this demonstrated basically the quality of promoting technique by Reebok and the presentation in the market. Then again with all the discussions the general picture of the brand which changed over the timeframe from a limited brand to a regarded brand, added to the general execution, which has likewise purchased an incentive to the brand, Easytone has got its uniqueness and highlight to shake the market. The quality of the item consistently lies on its center advantages, the center advantage of Easytone is wellness in the straightforward manner, which is a need and consequently has its worth expectation a nd request. The real item which is based upon its center advantage is its highlights style and quality and as an expanded item Reebok surrenders guarantee to a quarter of a year and any after deals issue has been taken to RD office for amendment and therefore by giving the client the most extreme advantage and trust in the item. The Easytone can be delegated forte merchandise, where in a broad statistical surveying was done which gives client the most extreme advantage by utilizing the item. After the fruitful dispatch of Step in 1989 and Easytone in 2009, the two items have indicated its independence and

Joseph Biden - Eulogy for Strom Thurmond free essay sample

Acquaintance Every adolescent needs with be autonomous in their life. The majority of them attempt to avoid any impact from their folks and begin to connect with their companions. The invading topic in this book is that of all out autonomy. Banks utilizes the character Chappie (or Bone) as the hero in the story. He assists with building up this subject through his fascinating adventures.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Rule of the Bone explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The life of Chappie can be separated into three significant stages. The main stage is when Chappie is irate with the treatment he gets from his folks and ventures out from home. He goes to live with Russ. The subsequent stage is the point at which he meets with I-Man. The last stage is the point at which he is in Jamaica. This paper will investigate the character of Chappie/Bone and show how he is a powerful character. Investigation of the Character Chappie/Bone Chappie speak s to the advanced youth. He especially speaks to how they are probably going to respond whenever confronted with similar conditions that Chappie was confronting. The story begins with Chappie’s insubordination to his folks. He begins to take negligible things from the house so as to get cash to purchase drugs since he has gotten dependent on them. He says, â€Å"I’d about abandoned discovering something in the house that I could rob†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Banks 5). He goes to live with Russ, one of his companions. He says concerning Russ that, â€Å"I had this generally excellent companion Russ whose mum showed him out in the spring†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Banks 7). Chappie joins his companion and they keep living respectively. The underlying response by the peruser towards Chappie is feel sorry for blended in with outrage. One really want to feel for Chappie because of the conditions he is confronting. In any case, one additionally blows up at him on account of the choice he takes s ince it isn't probably going to be the answer for his setbacks. As he lives with Russ, Chappie relies completely upon him for exhortation and direction on the most proficient method to live. While the peruser is as yet irate with Chappie due to the choice he has made, Banks makes a bend in the occasions that follow. The peruser begins to see Chappie in an alternate manner. Chappie is delineated as an individual who is discontent with the sort of life he is living. He wants to leave this sort of life and accomplish something different that is valuable. This shows Chappie isn't as terrible as the peruser suspected. He is delineated as somebody with sincere goals. His lone issue is absolute reliance on his companion Russ. In any case, the relationship with Russ is fleeting in light of the fact that they separate after some time. The procedure of detachment begins when Bone notification an adjustment in their relationship. He perceives that he doesn't need to keep contingent upon Russ. He likewise understands that he is the person who settles on the greater part of the choices, not at all like in the past when Russ used to be the choice maker.Advertising Looking for exposition on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When he finds that he is done driving in dynamic in their undertakings, Russ chooses to end his fellowship with Bone. Now, Bone is baffled and discovers life troublesome. He says, â€Å"Because up to then for me living was equivalent to Running through some serious hardship with a gas suit on† (Banks 152). He searches for someone else who can permit him to lead their companionship. In the wake of severing from Russ, Bone’s autonomy begins to increment. He has figured out how to live freely. Afterward, he meets with I-Man, and they get to know one another. Their relationship is not the same as the relationship that Bone had with Russ. Rather than being absolutely reli ant on I-Man, Bone and I-Man have a harmonious relationship. Every one of them contributes something to their relationship, and none feels abused. Bone is glad to be in this sort of relationship since he feels like an equivalent in the relationship, dissimilar to in the past relationship with Russ where he was subject to him. It is around this time he begins to call himself ‘Bone’, implying his freedom. His life now is moderately tranquil. How Chappie/Bone is a powerful character sooner or later in his life, he invests some energy with I-Man in the school transport. It is this episode that changes his life completely. He understands that he can do things alone. He discovers that his companions shouldn't control. Rather, they ought to be individuals he can converse with, yet he should settle on choices about his life. Banks utilizes the connection among Bone and I-Man to show how Bone creates from being subject to companions to being an autonomous individual. Bone learns this through asking I-Man inquiries. I-Man can direct him on the best way to live freely, since he has been autonomous for quite a while in his life. Another contort that happens in Bone’s life is the point at which he begins to see medicates in an unexpected way. At the point when Bone was living with Russ, he used to take a great deal of medications, especially cannabis. This is apparent in Bone’s words when he says that, â€Å"It is astounding how quick great weed goes when you’ve got the cash to purchase it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Banks 8). Be that as it may, when he begins living with I-man, this changes. He can take this medication with some restraint and during explicit occasions, not generally. This difference in demeanor is additionally a perspective that delineates that he has gotten free. He is not, at this point dependent on this medication yet smokes it just as a method of unwinding. His dependence on this medication appears to end when their kinship with Russ is terminated.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Rule of the Bone explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bone carries on with an absolutely free life once he begins living in Jamaica. He can adjust to life there. He has developed so free that he can conflict with what individuals advise him to do and stand firm with his choices. His dad is glad to meet him as portrayed in the accompanying statement: â€Å"But he smiled, he really looked glad to see me and he stated, lemme see you! Lemme see what you resemble, for Christ sake!† (Banks 283). In any case, Bone doesn't permit individuals, including his dad, to impact him to settle on awful choices. He knows that he has a ton of autonomy however doesn't manhandle it. His dad likewise appreciates this sort of freedom and lives in a way that a great many people would need to live. He does anything he needs and wouldn't fret what individuals think or state about him. In spite of carrying on w ith this way of life, his life can't be depicted as a decent life. He is corrupt and dependent on drugs. Bone’s autonomy is generally apparent in this circumstance. He decides not to live like his dad. Despite the fact that he has a chance to live richly, he decides to carry on with an unassuming life. He accepts that a great deal of freedom isn't useful for an individual and can make one carry on with an adulterated life. He wouldn't like to wind up like his dad. While still in Jamaica, Bone chooses to return to America. The fundamental motivation behind why he has chosen to come back to America is on the grounds that he wants to carry on with a decent life. He is full grown and insightful enough to get that, the sort of life found in Jamaica isn't what he needs. In the event that he had gone to Jamaica before on in the story, he would have wanted to live there. Be that as it may, he has developed in all parts of his life and comprehends the vanity of such a real existence. Despite what might be expected, his companion Russ moves to Jamaica. It is conceivable that since he has not experienced what Bone has encountered since they gone separate ways, he probably won't have the option to use sound judgment in Jamaica. The time that Bone spends in Jamaica turns into the vital turning point of his life. During this period, he develops from a youngster who wanted to smoke cannabis to a grown-up who comprehends what is really significant throughout everyday life. He finds that he has an actual existence in front of him and needs to plan something for improve the nature of this life.Advertising Searching for article on american writing? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More One of the emotional changes that Bone makes throughout his life is the point at which he advises Russ of his choice to leave Jamaica. He means to return to class. From the start, Russ is stunned and neglects to accept this. Bone has found the estimation of instruction and that he needs it to carry on with a typical life, though Russ is as yet having a similar outlook as a youngster. He accepts that he needs to appreciate life without limit and that having some good times is the most significant thing. Bone, be that as it may, is a changed individual and is prepared to change his life. Taking everything into account, it is important that Chappie’s character changes as the story advances. He changes from being a reprobate youth and before the finish of the story, he is an improved individual. He is additionally ready to adjust to any circumstance he winds up in. The book finishes strong. Works Cited Banks, Russel. Rule of the Bone, New York: Harper Perennial, 1996. Print. This article on Rule of the Bone was composed and put together by client Ajaxis to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Why Are Benzodiazepines Controlled Substances

Why Are Benzodiazepines Controlled Substances Panic Disorder Treatment Print Benzodiazepines: Schedule IV Controlled Substances By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on February 01, 2020 DIN / Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Certain medications used to treat anxiety disorders fall under the classification of “controlled substances.” Benzodiazepines,  such as Ativan, Xanax and Valium, are a class of medications commonly used for their tranquilizing and anti-anxiety effects and are often prescribed for  panic disorder. Benzodiazepines are considered schedule IV controlled substances. But, what exactly does that mean? The Controlled Substance Act of 1970 For many decades, the United States has fought what is often termed a “war on drugs.” Recognizing the potential that certain medications have for abuse and dependence, Congress enacted the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) as part of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. Over the years, the Act has had several revisions including: The Psychotropic Substances Act of 1978The Controlled Substances Penalties Amendments Act of 1984The Chemical Diversion and Trafficking Act of 1988The Domestic Chemical Diversion and Control Act of 1993The Federal Analog ActThe Methamphetamine Precursor Control Act The CSA mandates that manufacturers, distributors, pharmacies and healthcare providers diligently ensure the safe and efficient delivery of controlled substances identified within five schedules under the Act. Understanding the Schedules of Controlled Substances Medications controlled by the CSA fall into one of five schedules. Each schedule attempts to classify drugs in order of their potential for abuse, medical value and safety standards. Schedule I drugs are seen as the most serious and Schedules II through V include drugs in decreasing order of potential for abuse. To understand what Title 21, Chapter 13 of the CSA entitled “Drug Abuse Prevention and Control”?? says about various controlled substances, lets look at a brief overview of each schedule. Schedule I Drugs and other substances that fall into Schedule I classification are seen to have the highest potential for abuse. They are also deemed as having no accepted medical use in the U.S. and lack customary safety standards. Examples of Schedule I drugs include: HeroinMarijuanaLSDPCPCrack cocaine Schedule II These drugs and substances also have a high potential for abuse, but they do also have a currently accepted medical use in the U.S. Its noted in the CSA that abuse of these drugs may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence. Examples of Schedule II drugs include: MorphinePercodan and OxyContin (oxycodone)Ritalin (methylphenidate)Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine) Schedule III The potential for abuse of Schedule III drugs and substances is lower than the previous categories. These, too, have a medicinal use, though they can lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence. Examples of Schedule III drugs include: Anabolic steroidsVicodin Schedule IV This is where benzodiazepines fall into the controlled substance classifications. The substances classified as Schedule IV have a lower potential for abuse, but the risk does remain. Again, these do have medical uses and many are common treatments for anxiety and similar medical conditions. According to the CSA, drugs listed in Schedule IV are classified as such because Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.?? Examples of Schedule IV drugs include: Xanax (alprazolam)Ativan (lorazepam)Klonopin (clonazepam)Valium (diazepam) Schedule V In relation to the other controlled substances, Schedule V drugs have a low potential for abuse and they are common medical treatments. While the risk of dependence is very low, it does still exist. Certain cough medicines with codeine are examples of Schedule V drugs. The Cautions Regarding Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines are included in Schedule IV of the CSA. This would seem to indicate that this class of medications has a relatively low potential for abuse in comparison with many other types of controlled substances. Benzodiazepines do have the potential for physical dependency when used for long periods of time and can be psychologically addictive in some individuals. Benzodiazepines should be taken only as directed by your doctor. You should not increase your dosage without consulting your doctor. Also, do not stop  taking this medication without your doctor’s advice. Doing so may cause unwanted withdrawal symptoms or worsen your condition.

How to Write a Psychological Thriller

What’s more thrilling than the human mind? The best psychological thrillers create suspense in unpredictable ways.

African Americans in the Revolutionary War

International Business Ventures - 2671 Words

International Business Ventures Measuring a potential business venture has many aspects which the international manager must be aware of in order to convey the correct information back to the decision makers. Being ignorant to any of the aspects can lead to a false representation of the project, and hence an uninformed decision being passed. In order for a business to survive it must grow. For growth to be optimal, management must first be able to identify the most attractive prospective leads. The country as a whole, specifically geography, government, and financial aspects must be looked at in order to yield the best possible picture of the market a company wishes to enter. Concentration should be placed on gathering reliable facts†¦show more content†¦The members of this team should be comprised of employees of the company, this is so that the knowledge will stay within the company. If the resources are not available for an employee conducted study then outside consultants may be used, it may also be beneficial to use a combination of the two. The first step in conducting a study is to design it by using project objectives as the base. During the second step the team must be staffed with people that have the ability to solve problems in any situation. In the third step the team should be properly placed and instructed. In the fourth and final step the product of the feasibility study should be properly communicated to the decision-making management.3 Table 2-located at the end of the paper-shows a general timeline that a company follows through the progression of a feasibility study. The design of a feasibility study first assumes that a company possesses the skills and resources necessary to be competitive in the market under analysis. Management must know the limits of its operations abroad. The operating margin for the expense of establishing and starting operations abroad should be easily recoverable within a reasonable time period. The design should also include the managements goals, which comes down from the investors of the company. The goals of management should be to acquire specific knowledge of the partner, in a joint venture situation, as well as the financial aspects, and the business-Show MoreRelatedEssay on Case Study on International Joint Business Ventures2416 Words   |  10 PagesExecutive Summary Attaining global competence when entering into international joint ventures, in order to be successful, is dependent on developing a strategic approach to Human Resource Management (HRM) that ties to Business Strategies and to the overall Organization’s mission, vision, goals and objectives. Through problem analysis of this case, this paper will show evidence that international initiatives must be tailored to implement HR policies and practices that will complement the workforceRead MoreJapan American Case International Business Negotiations Joint Venture7510 Words   |  31 Pages3.1 Introduction to Joint Ventures 9 3.2 General facts about Toshiba, Motorola and TSC 10 3.3 Objectives and agreements 10 3.4 Factors of success 11 3.5 Lessons drawn from the case 12 4. Our intercultural team work 13 4.1 Our team work process 15 4.2 Presentation Performance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 4.3 Individual Assessments .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16 5. Bibliography 18 6. Appendix: Additional information on the Motorola-Toshiba Joint Venture 1987 19 7. Powerpoint SlidesRead MoreChallenges of International Business Management1037 Words   |  5 PagesCHALLENGES OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MANAGEMENT What are the challenges of International Business Management? International business management is a term that is used collectively to describe all commercial transactions which include; †¢ Private †¢ Governmental †¢ Sales †¢ Investments †¢ Transportation The above take place between two or more nations. It involves all business activities which partake in cross border activities of goods, services and resources between nations. PrivateRead MoreInternal And External Factors Affecting International Business Environment And The Trade Barriers Essay971 Words   |  4 Pageslevel of interaction between them and international business is considered as one of the mechanisms used in trade globalization. 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A web definition defines marketing as a process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges thatRead MoreHistory of Multinational Corporations 2003 Words   |  9 Pagesand evolution of international business has played an integral role in the overall development and progress of the world economy, culture, and politics. The multinational corporation was an essential part of this process and has roots as far back as the 15th and 16th centuries in Western Europe, specifically in the nations of England and Holland, during a period known as mercantilism. This was a time of unprecedented global exploration, colonization, and other i mperialist ventures. OrganizationsRead MoreThe Global Trade Regime Of The Early 21st Century2894 Words   |  12 Pagestogether with them, transnational banks (TNB) that make a transnational banking system, a financial support of large international business, work. According to Ravenhill (2014), â€Å"the global trade regime of the early 21st century is based on three components: trade, national regulations and international agreements†. In the international business, various advantages of many business transactions and the external economic operations in which legal entities (firms) and natural persons (businessmen)

The Technology and History of the Atlatl Spear Thrower

An atlatl (pronounced atul-atul or aht-LAH-tul) is the name used primarily by American scholars for a spear thrower, a hunting tool that was invented at least as long ago as the Upper Paleolithic period in Europe. It may be much older. Spear throwers are a significant technological improvement on simply throwing or thrusting a spear, in terms of safety, speed, distance, and accuracy. Fast Facts: Atlatl The atlatl or spearthrower is a hunting technology which was invented at least 17,000 years ago by Upper Paleolithic humans in Europe.  Atlatls give additional velocity and thrust compared to spear-throwing, and they allow the hunter to stand farther away from the prey.  They are called atlatls, because thats what the Aztecs were calling them when the Spanish arrived. Unfortunately for the Spanish, the Europeans had forgotten how to use them. The American scientific name for the spearthrower is from the Aztec language, Nahuatl. The atlatl was recorded by Spanish conquistadors when they arrived in Mexico and discovered that the Aztec people had a stone weapon that could pierce metal armor. The term was first noted by the American anthropologist Zelia Nuttall [1857–1933], who wrote about Mesoamerican atlatls in 1891, based on drawn images and three surviving examples. Other terms in use around the globe include spear thrower, woomera (in Australia), and propulseur (in French). What is a Spearthrower? Atlatl Display, Gold Museum of Bogota, Colombia. Carl Ann Purcell / Getty Images An atlatl is a slightly curved piece of wood, ivory, or bone, measuring between 5 and 24 inches (13–61 centimeters) long and between 1–3 in (2–7 cm) wide. One end is hooked, and the hook fits into the nock end of a separate spear shaft, itself between 3 to 8 feet (1–2.5 meters) in length. The working end of the shaft may simply be sharpened  or be modified to include a pointed projectile point. Atlatls are often decorated or painted—the oldest ones we have are elaborately carved. In some American cases, banner stones, rocks carved into a bow-tie shape with a hole in the middle, were used on the spear shaft. Scholars have been unable to find that adding the weight of a banner stone does anything to the velocity or thrust of the operation. They have theorized that banner stones may have been thought to act as a flywheel, stabilizing the motion of the spear throwing, or that it was not used during the throw at all, but rather to balance the spear when the atlatl was at rest. How To... The motion used by the thrower is similar to that of an overhand baseball pitcher. The thrower holds the atlatl handle in the palm of her hand and pinches the dart shaft with her fingers. Balancing both behind her ear, she pauses, pointing with her opposite hand toward the target; and then, with a movement as if she were pitching a ball, she flings the shaft forward allowing it to slip out of her fingers as it flies towards the target. The atlatl stays level and the dart on target throughout the motion. As with baseball, the snap of the wrist at the end imparts much of the velocity, and the longer the atlatl, the longer the distance (although there is an upper limit). The speed of a properly flung 5 ft (1.5 m) spear equipped with a 1 ft (30 cm) atlatl is about 60 miles (80 kilometers) per hour; one researcher reported that he put an atlatl dart through his garage door on his first attempt. The maximum speed achieved by an experienced atlatlist is 35 meters per second or 78 mph. The technology of an atlatl is that of a lever, or rather a system of levers, which together combine and increase the force of the human overhand throw. The flipping motion of the throwers elbow and shoulder in effect adds a joint to the thrower’s arm. The proper use of the atlatl makes spear-assisted hunting an efficiently targeted and deadly experience. Earliest Atlatls The earliest secure information concerning atlatls comes from several caves in France dated to the Upper Paleolithic. Early atlatls in France are works of art, such as the fabulous example known as le faon aux oiseaux (Fawn with Birds), a 20 in (52 cm) long carved piece of reindeer bone decorated with a carved ibex and birds. This atlatl was recovered from the cave site of La Mas d’Azil, and was made between 15,300 and 13,300 years ago. Atlatl Spear Thrower, Carved as a Bison, La Madeleine, Dordogne Valley, France, ca 15,000 BP. Print Collector/Getty Images / Getty Images A 19 in (50 cm) long atlatl, found in the La Madeleine site in the Dordogne valley of France, has a handle carved as a hyena effigy; it was made about 13,000 years ago. The Canecaude cave site deposits dated to about 14,200 years ago contained a small atlatl (8 cm, or 3 in) carved in the shape of a mammoth. The very earliest atlatl found to date is a simple antler hook dated to the Solutrean period (about 17,500 years ago), recovered from the site of Combe Sauniere. Atlatls are necessarily carved from organic material, wood or bone, and so the technology may be much older than 17,000 years ago. The stone points used on a thrust or hand-thrown spear are larger and heavier than those used on an atlatl, but thats a relative measure and a sharpened end will work as well. Simply put, archaeologists do not know how old the technology is. Modern Atlatl Use The atlatl has lots of fans today. The World Atlatl Association sponsors the International Standard Accuracy Contest (ISAC), a competition of atlatl skill held in small venues all over the world; they hold workshops so if youd like to learn how to throw with an atlatl, thats where to start. The WAA keeps a list of world champions and ranking master atlatl throwers. The competitions have also been used along with controlled experiments to gather field data concerning the effect of the different elements of the atlatl process, such as the weight and shape of the projectile point used, the length of the shaft and the atlatl. A lively discussion can be found in the archives of the journal American Antiquity about whether you can safely identify whether a particular point was used in bow and arrow versus atlatl: the results are inconclusive. If you are a dog owner, you may have even used a modern spearthrower known as the â€Å"Chuckit. Study History Archaeologists began to recognize atlatls in the late 19th century. The anthropologist and adventurer Frank Cushing [1857–1900] made replicas and may have experimented with the technology; Zelia Nuttall wrote about Mesoamerican atlatls in 1891, and anthropologist Otis T. Mason [1838–1908] looked at Arctic spear throwers and noticed that they were similar to those described by Nuttall. More recently, studies by scholars such as John Whittaker and Brigid Grund have focused on the physics of atlatl throwing, and trying to parse out why people eventually adopted the bow and arrow. Sources Angelbeck, Bill, and Ian Cameron. The Faustian Bargain of Technological Change: Evaluating the Socioeconomic Effects of the Bow and Arrow Transition in the Coast Salish Past. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 36 (2014): 93–109. Print.Bingham, Paul M., Joanne Souza, and John H. Blitz. Introduction: Social Complexity and the Bow in the Prehistoric North American Record. Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews 22.3 (2013): 81–88. Print.Cain, David I., and Elizabeth A. Sobel. Sticks with Stones: An Experimental Test of the Effects of the Atlatl Weight on Atlatl Mechanics. Ethnoarchaeology 7.2 (2015): 114–40. Print.Erlandson, Jon, Jack Watts, and Nicholas Jew. Darts, Arrows, and Archaeologists: Distinguishing Dart and Arrow Points in the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 79.1 (2014): 162–69. Print.Grund, Brigid Sky. Behavioral Ecology, Technology, and the Organization of Labor: How a Shift from Spear Thrower to Self Bow Exacerbates Soc ial Disparities. American Anthropologist 119.1 (2017): 104–19. Print.Pettigrew, Devin B., et al. How Atlatl Darts Behave: Beveled Points and the Relevance of Controlled Experiments. American Antiquity 80.3 (2015): 590–601. Print.Walde, Dale. Concerning the Atlatl and the Bow: Further Observations Regarding Arrow and Dart Points in the Archaeological Record. American Antiquity 79.1 (2014): 156–61. Print.Whittaker, John C. Levers, Not Springs: How a Spearthrower Works and Why It Matters. Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age Weaponry. Eds. Iovita, Radu and Katsuhiro Sano. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2016. 65–74. Print.Whittaker, John C., Devin B. Pettigrew, and Ryan J. Grohsmeyer. Atlatl Dart Velocity: Accurate Measurements and Implications for Paleoindian and Archaic Archaeology. PaleoAmerica 3.2 (2017): 161–81. Print.

Oedipus The King By Sophocles - 904 Words

In Sophocles play â€Å"Oedipus the King† a deadly plague has descended upon the kingdom of Thebes, and because of this plague a dark and iniquitous secret begins to unravel itself only to reveal a web of events connecting Oedipus and others as the culprits behind all the havoc ensued. No one is the sole source responsible for the unfortunate events that befall Thebes, as well as the royal family; In fact, those who unknowingly paved the path of destruction were themselves trying to prevent it from ever occurring in the first place. But to what extent are these individuals responsible and who exactly are they? From the very moment he was conceived fate had already entrapped Oedipus in a predetermined path that would connect him to the great catastrophe that would befall Thebes. At the start of the play we learn that Thebes, Oedipus’s kingdom, is in distress due to a plaque that has descended upon them. Oedipus, not knowing why Thebes if facing such tribulations, sends Kreon, his brother in-law, to seek out Apollos oracle to find out what grates his beloved kingdom. Kreon then informs Oedipus that the plaque was cast on them due to a death that was caused by the victim’s blood relative It s blood kin murder that brings this storm on our city.(Lines 113-14) Kreon also states that the victim is none other than the previous king of Thebes, King Laios. Not until the prophet Tiresias arrives and speaks with Oedipus is it revealed to us that the murderer is Oedipus himself, andShow MoreRelatedOedipus The King By Sophocles848 Words   |  4 PagesOedipus the King, written by Sophocles, follows the tragic story of a king named Oedipus who goes from an all-powerful ruler to a hopeless blind peasant. Oedipus the King was written as a play and performed in front of an audience. Sophocles shows in Oedipus the King that one cannot escape the fate of the gods. Throughout the play Oedipus struggles to find a solution and change all the troubles in his li fe. The play observes the story of Oedipus who defies the gods and through the journey experiencesRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King1714 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"ideal tragedy† is the play â€Å"Oedipus the King† written by Sophocles. In this play, Sophocles utilizes the concept of tragedy as well the theory of the importance of scenes of recognition and reversal to create a setting, tone, and mood throughout the play. Oedipus, the mythical king of Thebes, goes through a horrendous tragedy which includes moments of recognition and reversal. These moments are key to the fame and appreciation for the play, â€Å"Oedipus the King†. Sophocles’ use of Aristotle’s conceptsRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King884 Words   |  4 PagesKing of Thebes, owner of a family tree that identically resembles Medusa on a bad hair day, and the inspiration for a psychologically-riveting complex, Oedipus, tragic hero of Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, exposes troubling truths about the human condition and, acting as an exemplary precaution for the entirety of humanity, demonstrates how a self-destructive struggle between love, anger, and fate, conveyed through an unorthodox love affair between mother and son (Who gets custody in a divorce?),Read MoreSophocles Oedipus The King992 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout tragedies in Greek literature, the hero always has one tragic flaw. In Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, Oedipus’ main flaw is his overactive hubris, which in turn clouds his overall judgment. This is evident in the Chorus’ first ode to the city of Thebes as they try to ask the Gods for the banishment of the plague. Their answer does not come from a deity, but from Oedipus himself as he enters the palace and says, â€Å"You have prayed; and you prayers shall be answered with help and release ifRead MoreOedipus The King By Sophocles950 Words   |  4 PagesThe people throughout Oedipus’ life trues very har d to allow him to escape his fate of killing his father and then marrying his mother. In the epic poem Oedipus the King, Sophocles tells the story of the tragic downfall of Oedipus. Although many people see the role of free will that brought upon Oedipus’ doom, no matter what choices were made throughout his life, his ultimate fate would always return. The choices made at the beginning of Oedipus’ life set him up to fulfill his prophecy. His parentsRead MoreOedipus the King by Sophocles1393 Words   |  6 Pages Sophocles’ play, Oedipus the King, has risen many questions concerning the main character and whether or not he acts on free will or if his future is predestined by the gods. I am going to test the theory that although Oedipus believes he is acting on his own free will, he is in fact a victim of the gods. I will analyze several different sources that discuss fate and human agency in Oedipus the King and then proceed to build my original argument on the archaic debate. There has been a great dealRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pages This would have been excellent advice for the main character in Sophocles drama, Oedipus the King. However, the drama was written as a result of Sophocles life and the influence of the humanistic culture in which he lived. Throughout Sophocles life, he gained military knowledge as the son of a wealthy armor manufacturer and received an excellent Greek education with emphasis on Homeric poetry (textbook). Furthermore, Sophocles was very involved in politics and served as a treasurer, a generalRead MoreOedipus The King, By Sophocles1407 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we think about a tragic play or protagonist, most people would think Shakespeare for his common theme of his plays to end with a tragedy. In Oedipus the King, written by Sophocles, tells the tale of the protagonist Oedipus. Throughout the play, Oedipus searched for his past to discover the reason why his kingdom is plagued with wilting crops and illnesses. In the end, he becomes a tragic protagonist after discovering his past was related to the previous king’s death. While the search progressedRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King871 Words   |  4 PagesThe plays written by Sophocles, â€Å"Oedipus the King â€Å"and â€Å"Antigone† are bodies of work displayed the meaning of what Aristotle defined as a tragedy. â€Å"Oedipus the King† is a story of a king trying to avoid the fate of his life that has been prophesized before his birth. In â€Å"Antigone† is story of a girl who devoted to her family, and regardless of the orders made the king Creon. In these stories the archetypes and hamartia of Antigone and Oedipus play a major role in the story. In â€Å"Antigone† the characterRead MoreSophocles Oedipus The King2037 Words   |  9 PagesSophocles’s Oedipus the King features a chorus that sings several odes over the course of the play. In Sophocles’s play, the chorus is composed of old Theban men and represents the population of Thebes as a whole. The chorus recites a parodos, four stasima, and a brief exodus. Through the choral odes, Sophocles reflects on the events and motifs of the play, including piety and faith in the Gods, the inevitability and the uncertainty of fate, and the dichotomy of right and wrong. After Sophocles establishes

SNC Reaction Paper Free Essays

What was it spent on? Who were the recipients? Investigations suggested that the money was used to pay bribes to unknown North African agents in order to sanction mufti-million dollar future projects. This was possibly done to maximize company revenue, but the deed is still questionable with Demise’s grey past. The archbishop Of Milan, SST. We will write a custom essay sample on SNC Reaction Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ambrose once said, â€Å"When in Rome, do as the Romans. † Does this translate to Zinc’s actions in North Africa? Doing business in different parts of the world can be a difficult game because of varied cultural and professional differences. What may seem wrong in North America may be an everyday occurrence in another part of the world. Bribery is one such act. A bribe, according to the Merriam-Webster dictionary is â€Å"money or favor given or promised in order to influence the judgment or conduct of a person in a position of trust†. From personal experience, in some countries, not paying a bribe or not â€Å"giving a gift’ may prolong or delay work, and in some cases even create a roadblock and completely stop the project. In some countries, offering a bribe is legal while in others it is considered a felony. The question forever is, is bribery ethical? Ethics, in my opinion, are culture specific and, as the professor mentioned in class, time specific. Slavery, for example was an integral part of a perfectly normal society in ancient times but now is considered a heinous crime. Pierre Daytime bribed officials to influence their decision in choosing SYNC Laving for construction projects. But even after investigations, it is not known what this bribe was used for. Daytime and Ben Sass were also linked to illegal activities like money laundering with the controversial Miramar Godhead of Libya. Keeping in mind his past history and the act of bribery itself positions me to believe that Daytime acted unethically. I also believe that bribery, in any form, is morally wrong irrespective of where one does business. In this case, Daytime, the board of directors, the agents and the officials in North Africa are the active agents. The shareholders, potential and current clients, the employees of SYNC Laving as well as their competitors are the passive agents. Let’s analyses the ethical issues in this case using a few models. Virtue Based Moral Reasoning expects en to maximize certain virtues like honesty, integrity, fairness and transparency. Daytime in his actions exhibited dishonesty and dishonor by bribing and laundering money. These actions were unfair to the shareholder as they were and still are unaware about where their money was spent. Lack of transparency creates a loss of trust amongst employees and stake-holders as well. Demise’s actions were, therefore, unethical. Next, let’s look at it through a Communitarian’s approach. This method stresses that contracts, implicit and explicit, should be respect and not breached under any resistance. Daytime had a fiduciary duty towards the corporation, which he breached as the company lost its reputation as a result of this bribery debacle. He had also signed an implicit contract with the employees of the organization which was breached when he paid no heed to company ethics before making his decisions. Falsifying accounts by using terms like â€Å"project consultancy costs† and â€Å"project commercial costs† for the money spent towards bribes is equivalent to lying to shareholders as these statements are finally sanctioned by the CEO. Thus we see that SYNC Laving and Daytime acted unethically on the basis of Communitarian’s. However, if you look at the decision through a Consequentiality perspective, an approach where only the consequences of your actions matter, Daytime, while making this decision was actually right. He paid a small price (in the form of a bribe), which in turn would bring in business worth billions and increase the company’s revenue. He believed that ends justified the means. However, after the entire incident unfolded, SYNC Laving not only lost a lot of money through trials and fines, but also lost something more important, trust and reputation. Thus, I believe that this act was unethical even through a consequentiality approach. If Daytime was acting under a veil of ignorance, he would definitely not authorize these payments. SYNC Laving could have been a company that has lost out to a lucrative contract just because another company was willing to bribe their way to the contract. Here we see that through a Rawlins Liberalism approach, Daytime was unethical. According to Graham Tucker’s theory, an ethical decision should positively answer all his five questions. Daytime and SYNC Lapin’s board fails to answer these questions positively. Was their decision profitable? Definitely not. SYNC Lapin’s profits reduced from $76 million to $67 million in the first quarter of 201 2 itself. Secondly, bribe giving is illegal in Canada which negatively answers his second question, is it legal? He then goes on to ask if it is fair. If you look at this from their competitors perspective, their decision was unfair to the competitors who missed out on deals as they refused to pay bribes. This decision was also not right as this money was paid to unnamed and unknown recipients to influence the company’s goals. Finally, it fails to positively answer if paying bribes ensures sustainable development. Such acts result in recurrence of ill doing which in turn can backfire on the corporation. Most successful organizations usually boast of having a clean slate and usually do not indulge in such acts. Bribery may be a quick fix but is definitely not a permanent solution. Informs CEO and my former boss, Nary Murphy once suggested, â€Å"If bribe giving, and not bribe taking, is made legal then the bribe giver shall indeed cooperate with the authorities to expose the bribe taker. This seems o be an interesting idea and think it should be implemented†. Such a policy will encourage victims to blow the whistle on bribe takers fearlessly and in turn help combat corruption. In my view, businesses can very well flourish even in the harshest situations. Informs is a great example; an organization which flourished ethically in an environment which was not very welcoming to entrepreneurs with a conscience. Their vision was not to just build a profitable organization, but a respectable one. In 1984, Informs imported a supercomputer and the customs official at the airport refused to clear it without a bribe. Any delay was unacceptable and the only alternative was to pay a customs duty of 135% and then appeal for a refund. Murphy borrowed money and paid the duty. He believes that at the end of the day, a clear conscience is the softest pillow on which you can lay down your head at night. Firmly believe that bribery is an evil which eventually leads to corrupt business and political environment. Even though it is viewed differently in different cultures, morally it still is wrong and unethical. I’d rather not do business in a market which enforces bribery than silence my scruples and indulge in a social evil. How to cite SNC Reaction Paper, Papers

Analyse and compare the way Shakespeare has portrayed the reactions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to the murder of King Duncan Essay Example For Students

Analyse and compare the way Shakespeare has portrayed the reactions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to the murder of King Duncan Essay I have been asked to analyse and compare the way Shakespeare has portrayed the reactions of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to the murder of King Duncan. For this I will be using act 2 scene 2 and act 1 scene 5 as well as quotes from other scenes in the play. I will start with analysis, first of Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeth has always been cold and calculating in previous scenes. A good example of how Shakespeare portrayed Lady Macbeths character is in act one scene five. Here I have quoted her speech from this scene The raven himself is horse That croaks the fatal entrance of Duncanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ You shall be what you have been promised. Yet Im worried about your nature. You are too tender hearted to take short cuts. You want greatness. You are not without ambition. But you lack the ruthlessness thats needed Come home quickly, so that I can inspire you with my passion. My brave words will overcome the scruples standing between you and the golden circle Here she talks about Duncans entrance into Macbeths castle as being fatal. She then talks about Macbeths wishes to become king but she also talks about his lack of courage to kill Duncan so that he may rise to the throne. She then tells the audience about how she will attempt to talk Macbeth into murdering Duncan. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe-top full of direst cruelty! Make thick my blood Here she is starting to ask the spirits to take away her feelings of compassion Unsex me here she is asking for her womanly qualities or weaknesses to be removed. By this she means feelings of remorse, pity, guilt and compassion. This next part is spoken as though said to Macbeth. He thats coming serve the thoughts of mortals: rid me of the natural tenderness of my sex, and fill me from head to toe with direst cruelty! Thicken my blood. Make me remorseless, so that no feelings of conscience can alter my foul plans, nor stand in the way of what must be done. Come to my womans breasts and turn my milk sour, you abettors of murder, wherever you lurk invisible, awaiting evil deeds! Come, dark night, and shroud yourself in the blackest smoke of hell, so that my sharp knife wont see the wound it makes, nor heaven peeping through the blanket of darkness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" cry Stop! Stop! Here she is again asking the spirits to remove her softness Rid me of the natural tenderness of my sex. She repeats the part about shrouding herself in shadows to conceal what she is going to do from heaven. Maybe she is talking about how she will make Macbeth murder Duncan rather than do the deed herself. Another one of Lady Macbeths speeches which depicts the  character Shakespeare intended her to be is from act one, scene seven. I have given suck, and know how tender tis t love the babe that milks me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" I would while it was smiling in my face Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums. And dashed the brains out. Had I so sworn to you Have done to this. Here she is comparing her womanliness to her husbands manliness. Shakespeare uses quite shocking imagery in Lady Macbeths speech here to further depict her ruthlessness. Now I have shown a couple of examples of the character of Lady Macbeth I will continue onto my analysis of the murder scene. Lady Macbeth is nervous, paranoid as she waits for Macbeth to return after she has sent him to perform the murder. Hark! Peace! It was the owl that shriekd, the fatal bellman, Which gives the sternst good-night. He is about it: Shes jumpy. The sound of the owls hoot scares her. Lady Macbeth is imagining her husband killing Duncan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" He is about it. She then hears Macbeth shouting something from outside the room. She is then very afraid. Alack! I am afraid they have awakd, And tis not done; the attempt and not the deed Confounds us. Hark! I laid their daggers ready; He could not miss em. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. Here she worries about getting caught. We also see a side of Lady Macbeth which has not been shown before. She is vulnerable, nervous and not at all like her former self. She also shows some emotion Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet. She could not have performed the awful deed herself as it would have felt like she was murdering her father. Commentary - Shakespeare Hamlet EssayShe is thinking about hell. She is now afraid of damnation, as Macbeth was in act 2, scene 2. Earlier she had asked evil spirits to assist her and now she is terrified of hell. She is remembering mocking Macbeth. Maybe now she feels bad for pushing him into the first murder. The thane of fife had a wife: where is she now? No more o that, my lord, no more o that: you mar with all this starting. She is thinking about McDuffs wife. Macbeth no longer talked with Lady Macbeth about his plans after Duncans murder. She is supposed to be unaware of these murders. She is annoyed at Macbeth for his continued killing and she has realised that she no longer has power over him. Its almost as if shes asking him to stop. Heres the smell of the blood still: all the perfumes Of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. Oh! Oh! Oh! Again she is showing how haunted she is by the blood on her hands. This speech is very similar to Macbeths earlier Multitudinous seas incarnadine speech. Banquos buried; He cannot come out on s grave. This is a reference to the earlier ghost scene when Macbeth saw Banquos ghost at the banquet after he had him killed. Lady Macbeths descent into madness has taken longer than Macbeths and her guilt is expressing itself in a much more subconscious way than Macbeths did. Earlier she talked about a little water clearing them of the guilt but now she is haunted and terrorised by what they did. Lady Macbeth and her husband appear to have switched roles with their expressions of their guilt. While Macbeth appears to feel nothing and continues to murder Lady Macbeth is slowly going mad. Shakespeare tries to evoke feelings of pity in the audience for Lady Macbeth. The words this little hand are an example of this. Macbeth expresses his guilt in a conscious, public way, his continued killings are the main sign he has been driven  mad by guilt. Lady Macbeth on the other hand shows her guilt in a private way. Her sleepwalking is a subconscious expression of her innermost tormented feelings. This is her sign of madness. Lady Macbeths madness has also taken longer to manifest itself. Macbeths guilt was immediate but Lady Macbeth has taken several scenes to show hers. Macbeth spoke about no longer being able to sleep in the murder scene but several scenes later we see it is in fact Lady Macbeths sleep which is disturbed. This could be Shakespeare trying to show us how Lady Macbeth was a lot more open to suggestions that she ever appeared to be before the murder scene, when she was a very cold, hard woman who used a lot of shocking imagery and was really quite a scary person. Act 5 scene 1 is a performance of Lady Macbeths guilt. Until this time she had suppressed her feelings. She even asked the spirits to take away her feelings of compassion so she would feel no guilt. It would appear that this had no effect and she feels terrible and that manifests itself in her sleepwalking and talking. Macbeth was originally paralysed by his guilt and was unable to even wash his hands clean of the blood without Lady Macbeths instructions to do so. Later on Macbeth seems to have taken control to the extent where he is continuing to kill without first talking with Lady Macbeth about it. The blood symbolises the guilt felt by both plotters. Macbeth was earlier scorned by his wife for his guilty feelings. Lady Macbeths fragmented language in act 5 scene 1 makes her harder to understand than she had been in previous appearances. I believe that Shakespeare is using her language to show her mental breakdown. Macbeths guilt was shown then suppressed and the opposite is true for Lady Macbeth. As the play continues Lady Macbeths madness gets to the point where she can no longer live with her guilt and she eventually commits suicide. Macbeth and his allies prepare for battle with McDuff. After Lady Macbeths death a messenger informs Macbeth that Birnam Wood à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Malcolms army is approaching. The battle begins and in the final showdown McDuff kills Macbeth and Malcolm is hailed as the new king. In both the case of Macbeth and the case of Lady Macbeth their guilt eventually killed them but in different ways. While Lady Macbeth was driven mad by her guilt and killed herself, Macbeth went on a killing frenzy from his guilt and was eventually killed by someone who was his friend in the beginning when he went too far. In conclusion, while Macbeth and Lady Macbeth may have shown their reactions to Duncans murder in totally different ways both of them got their comeuppance eventually.

Plea Bargaining Paper Essays - Law, Criminal Law, Terminology

Plea Bargaining Paper Plea bargaining is extremely popular in our criminal justice system. In fact, 90 percent of all criminal cases are negotiated through plea bargains. The defendant, the victim, law enforcement officials, the prosecutor, and the state, all benefit in various and significant ways from plea bargains. In this paper I will discuss how plea bargaining ensures that the criminal justice system is not overrun by criminal cases. I will also explain what plea bargaining means and where it originated from. As a police officer, I think plea bargaining is a great tool for it to be used in the criminal justice system. Many people hear the words "plea bargain" and never really understand what it means. According to the Dictionary of Legal Terms, a plea bargain is "the process whereby the accused and the prosecutor negotiate a mutually satisfactory disposition of the case." There are two types of plea bargains, the charge bargain and the sentence bargain. For a charge bargain, the prosecutor agrees to either charge the defendant with a lesser offense or drop some of the charges altogether. For a sentence bargain, the prosecutor recommends a less severe sentence than the penalties typically associated with the offense, and the defendant knows this sentence ahead of time before pleading guilty. Finally, a plea bargain must always be approved by a judge. A plea good purchase is frequently both the end results of a case which the prosecution feels ought to fail, and a substitute for rolling over on some better fish who theoretically is doing even better damage to society. The regulations are slanted to provide tremendous safe practices to the accused. You ought to disagree, yet its better ideal to allow a responsible one off the hook once in a lengthy time period than to convict a harmless man or woman. Removing plea deals is like unconditional renounce in WWII. Tremendous in idea, yet hell in prepare. although the authorities is on one aspect, and supposedly subsidized up via infinite aspects, the reality is there are too few police, judges, prosecutors, parole officials, and so on. To attend to each and each and every of the criminals on the instant. The cases which actually bypass to trial are an extremely small share of the entire. Do not deny prosecutors this weapon. If there's an actual problem interior the criminal justice devi ce, it's that Judges are too lenient in sentencing someone who has been stumbled on (or pled) responsible. I also accept as true with in plea bargaining in order to get proof towards someone who's committing a more critical crime. For instance, plea bargaining with a drug provider which will get to the drug lords is acceptable in my view. I would like to peer plea deals reviewed on a Validity of a plea bargain was brought up in the case of Santo Bello v. New York in 1971. The defendant accused the prosecutor of breaching their agreement by recommending a more severe punishment than what they specified in the terms of the agreement. In this case, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of the defendant. The Court held that in order for the plea bargain to be legally valid, both the prosecutor and the defendant must comply with the terms of the agreement. The roots of plea bargaining can be traced back to the seventeenth century in England, however the process was not as straight forward as it is now. In the nineteenth century, plea bargaining was still a relatively new option, and it was rarely used in the legal system. This was mostly because there were over 200 offences on the books that carried the death penalty. Thus, there was no incentive for the defendant to consider plea bargaining as a viable option, because if the local king or magistrate did not accept The facts, then the defendant had already pled responsible and might most likely be killed. In nowadays world, plea bargaining has streamlined the prison machine to allow it to system extra instances. There are a long way too many crimes devoted inside the United States of America every day. Without the availability of plea bargaining, the already overcrowded prisons would be even worse. In case you

Free Essays on Choice

The teenage years are the most complicated for just about everyone. Teens are learning new social roles, meeting new people and developing relationships. Teenager’s bodies are constantly changing. They are making adult choices, decisions, as well as living up to other values, morals, and standards. In the teenage years, one is looking for answers to problems, but sometimes it seems like no one has the answers. Teens go through social turmoil, such as peer pressure, divorce, family alcoholism, domestic violence, or even sexual abuse. Teens with these problems feel like they have no one to talk to and nowhere to turn. Some turn to alcohol, drugs, and maybe even suicide. According to Graham Stoney, in Suicide- Frequently asked Questions, there are risk factors that may contribute to a person feeling suicidal: (1) Significant changes in the relationships with family members and peers. Teens are self-conscious of the body image, well-being, financial situations and world environment (2) significant relationship, loss of self-esteem or personal expectations (3) perceived abuse (i.e. physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, social, or even a sense of neglect). Depression is a common illness among teenagers. Symptoms such as unhappiness, confusion, loneliness, feeling misunderstood, and rebellious behavior may indicate depression. Some surveys have revealed that as many as 20 percent of high school students are deeply Depressed (Griest p. 4.). At least 5 percent of the United States population is suffering from major depression. As many as 10 to 25 percent of all Americans may experience a serious depression at some point in their lives. Symptoms to look for in a young adult going through depression: - Lack of enthusiasm, energy, or motivation - Social withdraw or isolation - Sadness or hopelessness - Confusion or difficulty with decisions - Drop in school performance - Appetite loss and sleeping ... Free Essays on Choice Free Essays on Choice The teenage years are the most complicated for just about everyone. Teens are learning new social roles, meeting new people and developing relationships. Teenager’s bodies are constantly changing. They are making adult choices, decisions, as well as living up to other values, morals, and standards. In the teenage years, one is looking for answers to problems, but sometimes it seems like no one has the answers. Teens go through social turmoil, such as peer pressure, divorce, family alcoholism, domestic violence, or even sexual abuse. Teens with these problems feel like they have no one to talk to and nowhere to turn. Some turn to alcohol, drugs, and maybe even suicide. According to Graham Stoney, in Suicide- Frequently asked Questions, there are risk factors that may contribute to a person feeling suicidal: (1) Significant changes in the relationships with family members and peers. Teens are self-conscious of the body image, well-being, financial situations and world environment (2) significant relationship, loss of self-esteem or personal expectations (3) perceived abuse (i.e. physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, social, or even a sense of neglect). Depression is a common illness among teenagers. Symptoms such as unhappiness, confusion, loneliness, feeling misunderstood, and rebellious behavior may indicate depression. Some surveys have revealed that as many as 20 percent of high school students are deeply Depressed (Griest p. 4.). At least 5 percent of the United States population is suffering from major depression. As many as 10 to 25 percent of all Americans may experience a serious depression at some point in their lives. Symptoms to look for in a young adult going through depression: - Lack of enthusiasm, energy, or motivation - Social withdraw or isolation - Sadness or hopelessness - Confusion or difficulty with decisions - Drop in school performance - Appetite loss and sleeping ...

Bouncebackability

Bouncebackability Bouncebackability Bouncebackability By Maeve Maddox Reader Graham Broadley is apparently scratching his head over a word thats recently been admitted to the pages of the venerable OED: I was watching the French Open tennis tournament the other day and heard the commentator say the word bounce-back-ability had made it into the OED this year. Can you confirm this is true? And if it is how an earth does such a word gain acceptability into a dictionary? Its not as if  its  widely in  use. Id never heard the word before, but Im not a sports fan. The word is out there a Google search turned up 26,900 hitsbut Im as speechless as Graham to know that bouncebackability is in the OED. Heres the entry: bouncebackability, n. chiefly sport: The capacity to recover quickly or fully from a setback, bad situation, etc. [1961 Times Recorder (Zanesville, Ohio) 18 Apr. 2B/1 The Tribe demonstrated its bounce-back ability in a three-game series with Washington, taking the set 2-1.] 1972 Manitowoc (Wisconsin) Herald-Times 25 May M3/2 The ‘bounce-back-ability’ is a valuable asset to the manager. 1991 Economist 5 Oct. 20/2 New York will again demonstrate its bouncebackability. 2005 Daily Record (Glasgow) (Nexis) 13 Apr. 3 We then showed some true bouncebackability when we equalised with a fine header from Christie. Curiously enough, although the word has been in use in the U.S. since 1961, Merriam-Webster has so far not added it to that extremely tolerant American dictionary. (I subscribe to the online unabridged edition and its not in there.) This from the MacMillan English Dictionary: In 2004, a phrasal verb has made its mark on the language again, though not by being intrinsically ‘new’, but by spawning a ‘new’ noun. The established intransitive phrasal verb bounce back, meaning ‘to become successful again after something bad has happened’ has formed the basis of a new derivative bouncebackability, an uncountable noun which apparently fills a gap in the language for describing a person’s ability to succeed again after a period of being unsuccessful. I guess bouncebackability is what Bill Clinton, the Comeback Kid, had in 1992 but there wasnt a word for it yet. And of course, Joe Montana had it way before that. I wonder why nobody thought to coin comebackability. I guess one answer to Grahams question could be that even an odd word can gain entry to a dictionary when its perceived by the lexicographer in charge as describing a concept for which no other suitable word exists. Can anyone suggest an already existing word that describes the concept of bouncebackability? Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)The Writing ProcessPresent Participle as Adjective

Campaign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Campaign - Essay Example The gun control campaign has been headed and designed by Gabby Gifford who has been a victim of the gun shot. She has stood for the rights of women because according to a number of researches, women in United States are more likely to be murdered with guns than any other countries. Therefore, Gabby Gifford has spread the word with the help of the women communities to discuss about the anti-gun revolution in United States. Many iconic figures have also been associated with the campaign in order to help Gabby Gifford. It should be noted that the campaign has been well-designed with the help of different channels such as print Ads, videos over the internet, agendas, social media sites such as Twitter and Instagram etc. The usage of logic has been used quiet efficiently in order to design the campaign and reach its goal (Freudenberg). Let us take a closer and analytical understanding of the elements that have been used in order to design the campaign. The audience of this campaign evaluation is potential women who are seemingly dependent upon others when it comes to security. Majority of the women believe that they can be rescued with the help of people near to them. As a contradiction to such a belief, men tend to take control of the situation when they are attacked by criminals. Men are more likely to fight the criminals and, in most cases, they become successful in surviving the attack. According to the agenda of the campaign by Gabby Gifford for Anti-Gun revolution, women can be taught to undertake self-defense but when criminals have strong weapons like guns then even the self-defense is more likely to fail. Therefore, the audiences of the campaign are the Gun Control Associations that have already done a lot in the past to minimize the possession of guns. However, there is still a lot to be done (Geer, Schi ller and Segal). The campaign has been designed in such a manner that it increases the resonance of

North Carolina Drug Courts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

North Carolina Drug Courts - Essay Example Therapeutic justice encourages Drug Courts’ judges to address the underlying issues that lead to drug abuse (Cooper & Knotts, 2008). Since their inception in the year 1989, more than ten thousand drug offenders have taken part in Drug Court programs nationwide, and about 71 percent offenders have completed Drug Court successfully or are still involved in Drug Court (Hennessy & Pallone, 2002). This paper looks into the North Carolina Drug Courts. The North Carolina Drug Treatment Courts (DTC) were established in the year 1995 by law to monitor and enhance treatment services’ provision to adult offenders who are chemically dependent while holding them strictly responsible for adhering to their treatment plans as ordered by the court. Presently, North Carolina has about forty-two operational Drug Treatment Courts, which serve approximately 33% of apt intermediate-level lawbreakers. In the year 2001, the Drug Treatment Courts were expanded to take in substance-dependent par ents of abused or neglected children as well as juvenile offenders addicted to drugs. In July of the year 2004, in an attempt to intervene actively and bring crime and addiction cycle to an end, North Carolina’s General Assembly defined DTCs as an Intermediate Sanction/punishment that is under the Structured Sentencing statute. As expected, intermediate sanction offers an efficient substitute to the range of graduated punishment between incarceration and probation. As a probation requirement, lawbreakers at the intermediate level who are sent to DTCs should abide by the rules of the program; turn up as required, in addition to participating in alcohol or drug treatment programs, court supervision, as well as drug testing or screening (Davis, 2009). The North Carolina Drug Treatment Courts seek to diminish the alcohol and other drug-linked court workload, decrease alcoholism as well as other dependencies on drugs among juvenile and adult defendants and offenders and amongst re spondents in juvenile appeals for neglect and/or abuse; and to diminish delinquent and criminal recidivism and child neglect and abuse incidences. They also aim to endorse effectual use and interaction of resources amid community agencies, personnel in criminal and juvenile justice, and child protective services agencies; and to enhance the societal, familial, and personal answerability of juvenile and adult lawbreakers and respondents and defendants in juvenile appeals for neglect and/or abuse. Concisely, DTC’s overall aim is to attain a considerable break of addiction cycle that brings about recurring incidents of breaking the law. By improving the prospects of the substance-driven lawbreaker to remain socially responsible and free of crime and drug, the courts seeks out the reduction of the health system, justice system, as well as additional societal costs linked with enduring involvement in criminal activities as well as the use of drugs (The North Carolina Court System, N.d). The courts started offering case-tracking and treatment services in the year 1996. In its thirteen judicial districts, the state of North Carolina runs seventeen treatment courts for adults. It also operates juveniles’ drug courts as well as family drug treatment courts for parents who are attempting to recover guardianship of their children. Adult defendants who have

Politics Of Far Right Movements In Global Politics

Politics Of Far Right Movements In Global Politics Far right, which also be known as the extreme right or radical right, has been defined by various scholars and authors in various ways. Despite argument over the exact definition, far right is generally defined as an extremism of right-wing politics. According to Muddes work, the ideology of far right (2002 10-11), Hartmann defines far right as a collective term for all progress-hostile forces. However, there are objections to this restricted definition since this definition illustrates far right parties as single-issue movements, and conceals other important features of far right ideology. Most scholars and authors define far right as a political ideology which based on a combination of prominent features, consisting of Supremacism, Authoritarianism, Racism, and extreme-Nationalism. For examples, Macridis defines far-right as an ideology that revolves around the same old staples, such as, racism, xenophobia, and nationalism. Backes and Jesse defines far right as a collective term for anti-democratic dispositions and attempts, that are traditionally positioned at the extreme right of the left-right spectre (Mudde 2002: 10-11)Whereas, Falter and Schumann prescribes a set of core ideas of far-right ideology including, extreme nationalism, ethnocentrism, anti-communism, anti-parliamentarianism, anti-pluralism, militarism, law-and-order thinking, a demand for a strong political leader and/or executive, anti-Americanism and cultural pessimism'(Falter 1988: 101)Obviously, these definitions of far right reflect the existence of sharing of some core ideas among far-right, tradi tionalism, andconservatism through historical and ideological connection. Old Radical Right had been constituted in France after the French Revolution in 1789 as the main ideology among those supporters for counter-revolution who refused to accept the new republic regime and aimed for restoration of the French monarchy and aristocracy. The rise of radical right parties in Europe such as Nazi Party in Germany and Fascist Party in Italy before 1945 could be seen as the prosperity of old radical right. The old radical right commonly based on various hostile ideas towards Liberalism, Parliamentarism, Sentimism, Communism, Capitalism, and Bourgeois. All of these ideas had been resisted and insulted by radical right parties in the past. Together with the outbreak of Nationalism since the 1930s, far right parties could gained outgrowth from this nationalism and gained more popularity which had given compatibility for these parties to challenge existing states and accounted for much of the aggressive expansionist policy of some fascist regimes (Guibernau 2010: 9) especially, in the period since 1930s until the end of World War II. New Radical Right Mainstream political parties consider the new radical right as fascist parties that have no legitimacy. If we contemplate the fascist regimes of the 1922 1945, we will see a movement. According to Linzs perspective, traditional fascist can be defined as anti-liberalism, anti-parliamentarism, anti-Semitism, anticommunism. In contrast, despite their standpoint is strongly anti-establishment, the new radical right accepts the rules of parliamentary democracy. New Radical Rights oppose the corporatist and state-controlled economies defined by a strongly hierarchical political leadership but the radical right support a small government. The new radical right accepts market capitalism; however, one of its main ideological weaknesses are the inadequacy of an alternative economic programme like the mainstream political parties. New Radical Rights has their standpoint as anti-globalisation stand but the new radical right uses the means and new technological advances at the core of globalisat ion in order to promote its movement not only within but also across national boundaries. The main pillars of the new radical rights discourse New radical rights discourse consists of a high resistance to the existing establishment and a commitment to democratic reform, an explicit anti-immigrant narrative, and high emphasis on protecting western values and the national preference principle. Anti-establishment and democratic reform Although its extremely critical view of the functioning of liberal democratic systems, the new radical right does not support their replacement of liberal democratic system by some kind of fascist style political system. In contrary, the new radical right stands advocating a radical regeneration of democracy. In this perspective it is referred to as a promoter of hyper democracy. The new radical rights doctrine concern with a claim for genuinely popular participation and representation by means of radical reform of the established political institutions and the whole political process. In the same line, it defends the use of referendums and open lists in elections. According to Margaret Canovan perspective, the new radical right seeks to undermine and degenerate issues that associated with the political establishment, for example immigration policies, multiculturalism, affirmative action and political correctness. Anti-immigration There are fear and resentment towards immigrants and refugees that have been growing within western societies. The large influx of refugees from Eastern Europe and Africa into European countries in the 1990s gave the rise of issue invasion of the poor and it was expressed as the storming of Europe. There are a number of economic, social, political and cultural arguments which have been developed to create the legitimacy as a negative attitude towards immigrants. These come from the downward pressure that migrants push on wages and rising unemployment among the native population, to their comparatively high birth rates with potential detrimental implications for the existing welfare system, demographic developments, and national identity. Anti-immigrant sentiment open hostility towards immigrants. It can extend to describe radical right-wing parties do not have their standpoint against all migration but extremely against those immigrants who will pose a cultural threat to western valu es and national identity and culture. In present, there are the wave of Islamophobia generated by the 9/11 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, Muslims are recognized as posing the most serious threat to western civilization and are often portrayed as the most alien and difficult to assimilate. The radical right regards the growing number of Muslims settling in Europe as a severe danger to western culture and values. In European countries, mainstream political parties are enthusiastic to deserve electoral support from ethnic communities of immigrant origin entitled to vote, in particular where such communities are of sizeable dimensions. This is a factor which is also regarded with suspicion and resented by the new radical right, which expresses skepticism at the idea that immigrants and refugees could make any valuable contribution to their society. The rise of the new radical right cannot be described by looking exclusively at economic factors, it seems safe to say that the global economic downturn has stresse d the economic as well as the political and cultural concerns that drive people toward the new radical right. In times of crisis minorities receive a severe treatment. They are criticized for the misfortunes affecting the overall society. They are considered guilty because of their supposed inefficiency, laziness, and lack of culture, susceptibility to crime, arrogance or economic success. Western values and the national preference principle The new radical right advocates the preservation of western values, a principle that is often turned into a call for national preferences; that is, citizens should enjoy priority access to social welfare and to the protection of their own culture and language, compared to foreigners. Citizenship should determine a sharp boundary between those who belong and those who do not, and the latter should be excluded from the social, economic and political rights associated with it. The principle of national preference mingled with hostility toward those considered too different in terms of values, culture, and often skin-colour should be considered as part and parcel of a project of white resistance or cultural nativism destined to protect what is described as an endangered European identity. The new radical right exhibits a cultural nativism tinted with populist overtones that connects with the dream of a white Europe. It is very important to highlight the transnational character of this populist nativism that reaches beyond nationalism by defending the cultural preservation o f the European culture. The new radical right presents itself as an alternative to traditional political parties and founds its discourse on a critique of democracy, a protest against elites and a concern about the cultural preservation and integrity of national identity comprehend as part and parcel of European identity. Integration and ethnopluralism New radical rights concerns about the preservation of national identity and the nation. It leads to the new radical right to oppose multiculturalism, which, in their view, promotes the destruction of individual cultures. In Western Europe, the new radical right has reacted to this by promoting an organic conception of the nation, which regards foreign bodies as a threat to a nations life and health. The term ethnopluralism has been coined by the new right to advocate respect for cultural and ethnic differences while maintaining that the best strategy to protect them is to avoid their mixing with each other. Ethnopluralism, as defined by the new radical right, stands for the protection of national culture and identity while arguing that the national culture and identities of immigrants should also be preserved. In pragmatically, different cultures and identities should not be mixed because it is in the mixing that culture and identity are weakened, levelled down and eventually destroy ed. Rise of far right in Europe It has been noted (Knigge, 1998: 255) that Generally, extremist movements are movements of disaffection (Lipset Raab 1978: 428). They appeal to people who are dissatis ¬Ã‚ ed with the status quo and who feel threatened by ongoing changes in society. These changes however, are complex and related to economic, political and social developments alike (Stà ¶ss 1991). Therefore, the rise of far right in Europe especially since 1980s can considered to be the result of the dissatisfaction of the changes which cause by Globalization. The Evolution of Extreme right-wing parties in Western Europe The rise of right-wing extremist parties in Europe have come in the wave. According to Widfeldts interpretation of research conducted by Klaus von Beyne, the German political scientist, far-right can be divided into three phases (Widefeldt, 2010). The first phase started from the end of Second World War to the mid 1950s. During the first phase, the support for extreme right-wing parties had marginal because people still feared the influence of Fascism and Nazism. Therefore, the political parties which supported on far-right was excluded outside the political area even the German Sozialistische Reichsoartei, the successor of Nazi. At that time, there were only the Italian Movimento Sociale Italiano, the successor of Mussolini fascists, which continually took a seat in national parliament. After the mid 1950s, the second phase started. Far right political parties gradually represent in parliament with the new pattern in the past far right political parties had an ideology on Nazism an d Fascism but after mid 1950s they changed to against Post-war economic and modernization process, for example. Since the 1980s, the third phase have begun. Due to the process of globalization, many European countries have experienced the overwhelming of immigration. Simultaneously with the economic recession of those countries, some citizens not only have seen foreign workers as the cause of unemployment and the status decline of Native Europe but also the cause of disappearance of homogeneous culture. Therefore, several political parties in Europe have perceived this weakness and support anti-immigration as new form of ideology and campaign. As a result, several far right political parties have been increased in their electoral supports and can gain political participation in Parliament. The Evolution of Extreme right-wing parties in Eastern Europe Regarding to Eastern Europe, the extreme right wing parties has been established after the end of Cold war. Even though the characters of social and politics in the former Communist regime like Eastern Europe suit with nationalist extremist, the increase of right-wing political parties are still low in Eastern Europe. A recent study (Mudde, 2012) has described that there are only four political parties which have largest share of support in parliament includes Liberal Democratic Party of Russia, Greater Romania Party, Serbian Radical Party and finally Hungarian Movement for a Better Hungary. Besides these four political parties, other political parties in Eastern Europe seems too small, no electoral support from citizens to be the representative in parliament. Even though extreme-right parties in Eastern Europe are unsuccessful, most operations from extreme right-wing are outside of the political arena. For example, In Eastern Europe, especially Russia and Serbia, the extreme right s kin head gang and neo-Nazi group spread across Eastern Europe. The rise of electoral vote of far-right parties after financial crisis The global financial crisis in 2008 bring up the far-right parties across Europe in terms of citizens expressing their dissatisfaction of mainstream government. In other words, European citizens has perceived the mismanagement of the economic crisis by their own government which leads to decrease in GDP growth and increase in unemployment rate. Therefore, citizens have lost confident in their own governments and show more preference in far-right parties which in that time far-right parties try to exploit the situation by accusing a scapegoating such as foreign workers or immigrant for the cause of unemployment and the status decline of Native Europe. Even though the ideology and campaign of far right parties are various in different states depending on national histories and traditions, all of these political parties have mainly focused on anti-immigration, anti- multiculturalism and Islamophobia. Since 2008 global financial crisis, far-right political parties have gained a share of support in national parliaments across Europe especially in Norway, France, Hungary, Netherlands, England, Austria, Italy, Germany, Sweden, Denmark and finally Switzerland. Besides the national parliament, it was reported (BBC NEWS, 2009) that far-right political parties gained more seat in the 2009 European Parliament Election compared to the 2004 European Election and central-right political parties slightly drop in gaining the seat from 282 seats in 2004 to 264 seats in 2009. However, the central right political parties, namely European Peoples Party, still be the largest group in European Parliament. In other words, they gained 264 out of the 736 seats and prevailed over European Socialists Parties and Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe which both two parties gained 183 and 84 seats, respectively. Regarding to the far-right parties, called Union for Europe of the Nations, the groups members believe in national sovereignty and opponents of European integration. This gr oup gained more seats from 23 in 2004 to 28 in 2009. The result of European Election in 2009 is meaningful to the rise of far right in Europe because its winning in election implies that far-right parties achieve in build mass organizations on the ground resulting to the power in broadcast their ideologies and the effective implementation of their own policies. The eletoral impacts of globalisation The emergence and notable growth of the new far right has occurred with significant increases in international integration, post-industrialisation and the rise of post-materialist values and policy orientations. There is a relationship between a major feature of contemporary structural change, globalisation, and electoral success of new far-right parties. Elections have served as important markers of far-right success and failure. Often, landmark breakthroughs by far-right parties have put them on the map for wider audiences. Direct elections to the European Parliament, too, have provided useful occasions for far-right parties to make their mark. Economics Theory and research on the economic impacts of globalisation stress that transnationally mobile manufacturing and financial enterprises as well as highly skilled professionals, technical personnel and managers are the winners of internationalisation (Rodrik, 1997). Globalisation of markets, however, generates losses and new economic insecurities for some occupational strata and sectors. Specifically, Heckscher-Ohlin/Stolper-Samuelson models predict that semi- and unskilled workers bear significant costs of the globalisation of developed economies. That is, models of factor-price convergence suggest that the relative prices commanded by comparatively scarce factors in the developed economies (semi- and unskilled workers) decline with internationalisation as the relative demand for comparatively abundant factors (highly skilled workers) increases. Together, trade, capital mobility and immigration of workers may contribute to the decline in the relative wages and employment of increasin g numbers of lower-skilled workers. In addition, the traditional middle class may be economically disadvantaged as well as facing threats to traditional institutions, values and status. Overall, the evidence suggests that internationalisation is associated with modest declines in demand for lower-skilled workers and some increase in economic uncertainties as well as attendant threats to the social status, values and institutions of affected groups. Nevertheless, despite the absence of a dominant role for globalisation, international integration should contribute to the inclination of some voters to support parties that oppose international liberalisation and offer clear programmatic solutions to associated problems; this seems particularly likely if perceptions of burdens exceed actual costs of globalisation. Perceptions and Politics A.M.Mayda and D.Rodrik draw conclusions for the developed democracies as a whole from their analysis of International Social Survey Program and World Values Survey data. They conclude that a majority of citizens in the typical developed democracy supports restricting trade and that these protectionist attitudes vary systematically with education and occupational levels. Mayda and Rodrik find that in developed democracies where human capital is abundant, workers with higher education and occupational attainments are more likely to support free trade. Generally, the tangible effects of international integration on significant socio-economic groups, the likely tendency of citizens to weigh costs of globalisation more heavily than benefits and the widespread support among mainstream parties have offered an electoral opportunity for Radical Right Wing parties. These parties have commonly targeted electoral appeals to those who face economic uncertainties if not losses in the wake of globa lisation and domestic change and to those who possess diffuse anxieties, fears and resentments in the wake of structural changes. Specifically, right-wing parties, while supporting free markets and liberalisation domestically, have systematically criticized international openness. As the national economy moves towards global concerns in seeking foreign investments, invariably other aspects of domestic policy are affected. Capital moves to where it finds the most attractive home, thus seeking low-tax economies which places pressure on national macro-economic policy as the states tax-raising capacity is reduced by the tendency towards attracting investment. This weakens the states capacity to provide public services, fostering dissatisfaction among the citizen and reducing national cohesion (Day Thompson, 2004: 175). Furthermore, a general shift in focus of national policy to cultural and identity issues could serve to favour the far right. While politics at elite level concerns transnational and international matter, for the citizen, local and domestic affairs are still to the fore. Moreover, mass publics in all likelihood tend to weigh the costs of globalisation more heavily than benefits. In sum, theory and evidence suggest that globalisation modestly affects the demand for lower-skilled workers and may contribute to insecurities of employment and income for many wage earners. Duane Swank and Hans-Georg Betz conclude that international integration, or the notable increases in transnational flows of trade, capital and people in recent decades, has contributed to the electoral success of new far-right parties in Western Europe. The magnitude and nature of globalisations effects, however, are significantly shaped by national welfare state structures. Where national systems of social protection are comprehensive, generous and employment-orientated, rises in trade openness and capital mobility do not contribute to support for right-wing parties; where welfare programmatic structure is occupationally based or liberal in character, increases in transnational market flows are associated with moderate shifts in support to the new far right. The role of the media The far right discourses resonance depends on the intermediating role played by the media (including social media). Far-right parties and spokespeople have a particular media attraction because they can successfully represent themselves as new political kids on the block and can press their core issues of immigration and Islam, all too readily reported and sensationalised as alien to the host society. In addition, popular media places the spotlight on the charismatic party leader with a populist message, rather than on more unassuming and collegiate figures. That is because the media lower the barriers of entry into the electoral market by giving new parties the means to disseminate their message across a wider audience than their organisational or financial resources would allow. The far right has also sought to bypass the conventional media by using the internet to that effect. Through online behavior, Bartlett, Birdwell and Littler (2011) suggest that the emergence of populist parties and movements which often described as far right comes from 3 different sets of grievances that motivate citizens: economic grievances, disillusionment grievances and immigration grievances. The economic explanation of populism contends that economic frustration is the prime motivator of populists. This view has two components: first, that most supporters of parties and movements are blue-collar workers or the victims of globalisation and outsourcing, and second, that these workers are motivated to join by financial concerns. The second set of grievances concerns voters disillusionment with prevailing political parties and institutions. One argument advanced by scholars is that this disenchantment has led citizens to vote for populist political parties or join street groups out of protest. According to this protest vote model, supporters of populist parties are not necessarily ideologically committed but support them to vent frustration. The final category of grievances concerns immigration. Some studies have demonstrated that concern, worry or antipathy toward immigrants is the feature that unifies populist groups. Much of the academic literature suggested that a large degree of concern relating to immigration was economic in nature, however, more recent research suggests that immigration is seen as a threat to cultural identity. As highlighted by Matthew Goodwins recent report, Right Response, which is an increasingly favoured view. Since the end of World War II, immigration has become one of the most divisive issues on the political agendas of Western democracies. Many individuals in European democracies express unease or out-right concern with the potential effects of migration on their countries, while others in these same countries are less uneasy or even welcoming toward newcomers. Left-right self-placement is likely to capture the potential ideological confluence between political dissatisfaction and hostility to immigration, with those on the far right expected to be more negative about political institutions and politicians and about immigration. Those who actually voted for the far right are, of course, very likely to be hostile to immigration and to politics because of ideas stoked by far-right party rhetoric. In the past ten years, and particularly since 2007 with the worldwide financial crisis, the sense of Europeanness has seemed to lessen (see Checkel and Katzenstein 2009). Immigration, the so-call ed war on terror, slow economic growth, and finally the financial crisis have caused citizens across Europe to view their national governments as the main focus of their identities and political activity (Checkel and Katzenstein 2009). The rise of anti-immigrant, nationalist parties has been pronounced in Scandinavian countries, typically seen as bastions of leftwing and liberal social policy. Indeed, the terrorist attacks in Norway in 2011 have led to a good deal of introspection about the rise of far right anti-immigrant groups, largely as Anders Breivik, the Norwegian terrorist, was a member of the Norwegian Progress Party before becoming disillusioned with their moderate approach. A Case Study of Oslos Massacre The most recent well known Far Right movement that caused a horrible shock to people of the entire world is The Oslos Massacre in 2011 which killed 77 people. A massive blast shook the centre of Oslo in the afternoon on Friday 22 July 2011, blowing out the windows of the prime ministers offices and damaging the finance and oil ministries.Rubble and glass littered the streets and smoke from the fires drifted across the city from the devastated area the heart of the Labour Party government. Witnesses described the scene as like a war zone. Police set up cordons and evacuated buildings while ambulances took dozens of injured people to hospital. Police confirmed the next day that the blast was caused by a car bomb, and that undetonated explosives remained in the area. The bomb contained an estimated 950kg (2,090lbs) of explosives made of fertilizer, 8 people were killed in this incident. In the late afternoon, a ferryman was asked to transport a policeman to the island of Utoeya, located in a lake about 35km (20 miles) north-west of Oslo. The uniformed man was said to have been armed with a pistol and an automatic rifle. He had described how he was there to do research in connection with the bomb blasts But the policeman turned out to be a gunman, and he went on to shoot and kill many of young people staying at the island camp. About 30 minutes later, a specialist police SWAT team was despatched from Oslo to Utoeya. Meanwhile, the gunman continued his killing spree undisturbed, randomly shooting victims, according to eyewitness reports. Survivors described chaotic scenes as teenagers fled from the gunman, some plunging into the water to swim to safety. He shot at those who tried to swim away. Others hid in the undergrowth, cowering in fear. The gunman was described as tall, blond and Nordic-looking had called campers to him as if to offer help, only to open fire on them. Officers eventually arrived on the island, Haarvard Gaasbakk, the leader of the first police squad to arrive on the island, said a group of youngsters directed them towards the gunman.We then spotted the gunman shooting on the southern part of the island and we hear a lot of shooting the gunshots are coming fast and thick, he said. As the officers ran into a clearing in the forest, they suddenly came face to face with the gunman, hands above his head and his weapons 15m away on the ground. Mr. Gaasbakk said the gunman was arrested and one officer took charge of him while the others ran to give the victims first aid. The shooting spree had lasted more than an hour. Officers have said he still had a considerable amount of ammunition for both his guns a pistol and an automatic rifle when he surrendered. Hospital sources said the gunman had used dum-dum bullets, designed to disintegrate inside the body and cause maximum internal damage. A Norwegian court has found that mass killer Anders Behring Breivik is sane and sentenced him to 21 years in jail. Breivik, who admitted killing 77 people when he bombed central Oslo and then opened fire at an island youth camp, told the court he would not appeal. He insisted he was sane and refused to plead guilty, saying last years attacks were necessary to stop the Islamisation of Norway. Afterwards Breivik said he did not recognise the court, which he contended had sided with the multicultural majority in parliament, but said he would not appeal as this would legitimise the proceedings. He accused the governing Labour Party of promoting multiculturalism and endangering Norways identity. In the pre-trial hearing, February 2012, Breivik read a prepared statement demanding to be released and treated as a hero for his pre-emptive attack against traitors accused of planning cultural genocide. He said, They are committing, or planning to commit, cultural destruction, of which deconstru ction of the Norwegian ethnic group and deconstruction of Norwegian culture. This is the same as ethnic cleansing. Experts in far-right ideology told the trial Breiviks ideas should not be seen as the ramblings of a madman and Breiviks attacks ignited a debate about the nature of tolerance and democracy in Norway. Anders Behring Breivik is a right-wing extremist and now regarded by many as a Christian fundamentalist, extremist, and terrorist. He claims he has a mentor and refers to him as Richard the Lionheart. He claims that he is a member of an international Christian military order based on the Knights Templar which was established in London in 2002 by nine individuals with a large number of knights and even bigger number of civilians including a number of cells in Europe. He was a member of a local Masonic lodge and was a proud freemason and he also claims he has contacts with the EDL and as his mentors codename is Richard the Lionheart it seems to suggest the EDL is very influential on him and his political views. His main political goal was to stop as he refers to it, the Islamification of Western Europeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸. He claims he killed nearly eight people, who were in the majority non-Muslims, in order to save Europe from a Muslim takeover. Mario Borghezio, for instance who belongs to the anti-immigration Northern League party in Italy, which is a partner in Italys government coalition, condemned Breiviks attacks, but supported his position against Muslim immigration to Europe. He was reported to have said, Some of the ideas he expressed are good, barring the violence. Some of them are great. Following his apprehension, Breivik was characterised by analysts as being a right-wing extremist with anti-Muslim views and a hatred of Islam, who considered himself a knight dedicated to stemming the tide of Muslim immigration into Europe. He was at first described by many in the media as a Christian fundamentalist, Christian terrorist, nationalist and right-wing extremist. Conclusion The rise of new far-right ideology in Europe both as in politics and as movements could be considered a